Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles. With appropriate treatment, many people with MG can manage symptoms effectively and lead normal or near-normal lives, though lifelong monitoring is often required.

• Cause: Caused by antibodies that block or destroy acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing proper muscle activation. In most cases, it's autoimmune; occasionally, it's associated with a tumor of the thymus gland.

• Features: Muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest. Common symptoms include drooping eyelids (ptosis), double vision (diplopia), difficulty swallowing, speaking, and in severe cases, breathing (myasthenic crisis).

• Diagnosis: Based on clinical exam, antibody blood tests, electromyography (EMG), edrophonium test, and imaging of the thymus.

• Treatment: Includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., pyridostigmine), immunosuppressants, steroids, plasmapheresis, or IVIG for acute worsening. Thymectomy may be beneficial in some cases.